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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Bovril boats ： ウィキペディア英語版 Bovril boats Bovril boats, also known as sludge vessels, were specially designed sewage dumping vessels that operated on the River Thames from 1887 to 1998. Their task was to remove London's sludge waste from Beckton and Crossness for disposal on the ebb tide at sea, at Black Deep, an extremely deep part of the North sea located fifteen miles off Foulness, on one of the main approaches to the Thames Estuary. Similar boats operated on the Manchester Ship Canal and the Tyne. ==History== The invention of the flush toilet in the 1840s caused London's sewers to overflow. In 1858 following the summer of The Great Stink and outbreaks of cholera, Sir Joseph Bazalgette was appointed to redesign London's sewage system. He was only partially successful however as the sludge part of the sewage began to build up on mud banks further down stream along the Thames. In 1878 the passenger steamer The sank in a collision with great loss of life. When the dead were later recovered by watermen, it was found that many had in fact not drowned, but had died from ingesting the poisoned waters of the toxic sludge filled river. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Bovril boats」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.